Sucrose polyester: substitution for dietary fats in hypocaloric diets in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

In five obese women heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, we assessed the combination of weight loss and sucrose polyester (SPE) in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). After a 10-day basal hypocaloric (1426 cal/day), 270 mg cholesterol, P/S 1.2:1 diet, an average of 36 g of dietary fat/day was replaced by 36 g of an 80/20 SPE-hydrogenated palm oil mixture, providing 30 g SPE for 30 days; during the SPE substitution period mean dietary cholesterol and P/S were unchanged, mean caloric intake was 1104 cal/day. During the hypocaloric basal diet, mean weight fell 1.2 kg, p less than 0.02, total plasma cholesterol fell 8% from 358 +/- 46 to 330 +/- 47 mg/dl, p less than 0.01, LDLC fell 4% from 264 +/- 37 to 254 +/- 44 mg/dl, p greater than 0.1, and mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell 11%, from 52 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 4, p less than 0.05. Over the 30-day SPE substitution, mean cholesterol fell 20% from 330 +/- 47 at the end of the basal diet to 265 +/- 42 mg/dl, p less than 0.001; mean LDLC fell 23%, from 254 +/- 44 to 195 +/- 41 mg/dl (p less than 0.01); weight fell 4%, p less than 0.01, from 91 +/- 7 to 87 +/- 7 kg, and mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell 11% from 46 +/- 4 to 41 +/- 2, p less than 0.05. Hypocaloric removal of dietary fat by SPE, an artificial fat with culinary properties of conventional dietary fats, effectively reduces LDLC (by 23%) in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects, with additive effects of SPE and weight loss.