The development and use of an antibody capture radioimmunoassay for specific IgM to a human parvovirus-like agent

Abstract

An IgM-antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) was developed for the detection of IgM antibody specific for the human parvovirus-like agent B19. Diagnosis of infection with this agent by either antigen detection or antibody seroconversion had been made by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 18 cases of aplastic crisis occurring in children with homozygous sickle-cell disease. The MACRIA described here gave positive results in 17 of these 18 cases; in the remaining case only an acute specimen taken from the patient during viraemia and late convalescent specimens taken 184 and 247 days after onset of illness were available. The test was used to investigate 20 further cases of aplastic crisis in which neither viral antigen nor antibody seroconversion could be detected by CIE. Detection of virus-specific IgM permitted diagnosis of infection with this parvovirus-like agent in 17 of these cases. In the remaining three cases only single serum specimens taken late in convalescence, 82 days or more after the onset of symptoms, were available. In addition to these 34 cases of aplastic crisis in which primary infection with this agent was diagnosed by MACRIA, seven cases of apparent 'silent' infection detected by CIE were investigated. The test permitted the discrimination between primary infection and re-exposure to the virus in six of these patients. The use of this assay has added a considerable weight of evidence implicating primary infection with this parvovirus-like agent as an important cause of aplastic crisis in children with sickle-cell disease. Furthermore, MACRIA permits diagnosis of infection when only single serum specimens taken up to ten weeks after infection are available. Thus the use of this test will significantly facilitate the investigation of other clinical syndromes of presumptive infectious aetiology.