Cardiovascular effects of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia

Abstract

An anaesthetic technique using high-dose fentanyl for coronary artery surgery is described. Fentanyl 60 or 70 micrograms kg-1 was used as the sole anaesthetic agent, and patients were ventilated with air/O2 (fentanyl 70 micrograms kg-1) or N2O/O2 (fentanyl 60 micrograms kg-1). Cardiovascular data from 30 patients are presented. Fentanyl caused no significant cardiovascular depression. The only statistically significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were seen in the patients who received fentanyl 60 micrograms kg-1. Five minutes after skin incision there was an increase in peripheral resistance. Diastolic pressure was increased following sternotomy. Problems associated with this technique of anaesthesia are a 50% incidence of hypertension following sternotomy (requiring treatment with sodium nitroprusside) and prolonged respiratory depression. The lack of cardiovascular depression produced by fentanyl and the ability of fentanyl to reduce hormonal and metabolic responses to surgery make it a satisfactory technique for cardiac anaesthesia.