Axillary 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one, cholesterol and squalene in men; preliminary evidence for 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one being a product of bacterial action

Abstract

Twenty-four hour axillary levels of the odorous steroid 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one, have been measured in six men by radioimmunoassay. Initially, no control of bacterial activity was made and conditions attempting a normal axillary environment were maintained. The level of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one was significantly higher (P = 0.028) in one axilla ("superior") than the other ("inferior") and levels showed considerable variation both between and within individuals. This difference between axillae was also observed for cholesterol (P = 0.0013) but not for squalene (P = 0.18). This suggests that the presence of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one in the axilla does not correlate with sebum secretion. The effect of a general germicidal agent was tested by shaving and applying Povidone-iodine to the "superior" axilla whilst treating the "inferior" axilla as a control. A highly significant drop in the level of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-one in the "superior" axilla below that in the control axilla was obtained (P = 0.000014, double tailed, as calculated using the Fisher Exact test). Squalene and cholesterol were measured in an attempt to monitor glandular activity and their levels were not significantly affected by Povidone-iodine. It is likely, therefore, that the production of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one is from metabolism of a percursor in the axillae by skin micro-organisms.