Experimental wound healing in essential fatty acid deficiency

Abstract

Clinical reports have suggested that essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) may cause delayed healing. One hundred weanling rats were placed on normal or EFAD diets. After 4 wk in control and 6 wk in EFAD animals comparative studies were performed as follows: (1) skin and fascial incisions were tested for tensile strength up to 5 wk, (2) single layer small bowel, (3) colonic anastomoses were studied for anastomotic bursting strength to 14 days, ana (4) 20% partial thickness burns were followed to healing and autoradiographic analysis of healing epiothelium performed. After 4 wk on diet, EFAD rats showed chemical and clinical evidence of deficiency, while control rats remained normal. There was no significant difference in tensile strength of ventral skin incisions with underlying fascial incisions between control and EFAD rats during the study, but solitary dorsal skin incisions were significantly stronger after three weeks in control animals. Bursting pressures in colonic and small bowel anastomoses were not significantly different between control and EFAD groups. However, colonic suture line disruption occurred in 42% of EFAD rats as opposed to 17% of control animals. Highly significant differences in the healing rate of partial-thickness burns were noted. Control rats healed completely by 21 days while EFAD rats had not completely healed at 120 days postburn. Observation of the burn wounds indicated that wound contraction was impaired. These studies suggest that skin healing is the prime area affected by EFAD although colonic healing may have been affected as well.