Analysis of the 1980 heat wave in Memphis

Abstract

During the heat wave of 1980, average daily temperatures in Memphis first rose above the mean on June 25 and remained elevated for 26 consecutive days. In July, 1980, 83 heat-related deaths were recorded as compared to non in July 1979. Most of these deaths occurred in elderly, poor, black, inner-city residents. There was a statistically significant increase in total mortality rates, death from natural causes, cardiovascular mortality rates, and the rate for persons dead on arrival. Virtually all the excess mortality was in persons over the age of 60. The rise in heat-related emergency room visits occurred three days prior to the rise in heat-related deaths. Local planning for future heat waves should focus on the inner-city black elderly. Heat-related deaths and emergency room visits should be reported to public health officials.