Coronary artery reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of intracoronary streptokinase on left ventricular salvage and performance

Abstract

Coronary angiography was performed on hospital admission in 37 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thirty patients had total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery and seven patients had severe proximal stenoses with poor distal flow. In 20 of 30 patients with total occlusion, intracoronary (IC) infusion of streptokinase (SK) resulted in reperfusion of the distal coronary artery. Left ventricular (LV) performance was assessed before coronary angiography and at discharge from the hospital by use of gated cardiac blood pool imaging techniques. In patients evidencing reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery, mean (+/- SD) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from admission through discharge (46% +/- 15% to 55% +/- 10%, p = 0.002). In contrast, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge in patients with severe proximal stenoses alone or in patients with total occlusion who did not demonstrate reperfusion following SK administration (47% +/- 17% vs 49% +/- 18%, p = ns). In an additional 14 control patients with AMI who were not evaluated with coronary angiography, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge (46% +/- 12% vs 48% +/- 14%, p = ns). Quantitative thallium-201 perfusion imaging demonstrated an increase (p less than 0.05) in thallium uptake in the infarct segment following coronary artery reperfusion. In contrast, thallium uptake did not change (p = ns) in the infarct segment in patients not evidencing angiographic coronary artery reperfusion. These data support the following : (1) Coronary artery thrombus occurs frequently in AMI and can be lysed by IC SK, and (2) reperfusion with IC SK in patients with evolving myocardial infarction results in myocardial salvage and improved LV performance through hospital discharge.