Naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures

Abstract

This report reviews the experience with naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures at a major medical center. Thirty-three patients were treated between 1 October 1976 and 1 January 1979, who met our definition of naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures. The majority sustained trauma in a motor vehicle accident and 60% of the patients had associated nonfacial injuries. All patients had other facial injuries and fractures; orbital rim or floor, 94%; complex maxillary (LeForte II-III), 72%; and mandible fractures, 25%. Slightly over one half of the group of naso-ethmoid fractures were open; the remainder were closed injuries. Traumatic telecanthus was noted in 70% of the patients on initial examination. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was evident in 40%, and frontal sinus fractures were detected in 25% of the group. Severe ocular injury with initial or subsequent loss of sight occurred in an alarming 30% of the patients. In addition, nasolacrimal duct system lacerations occurred in 20%. One patient developed a large carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistula 1 month postinjury. The severity of these injuries and the potential for deformity and dysfunction have not been properly emphasized in the past. Our experience has defined several diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. For example, vastly improved results were obtained with an open reduction and internal fixation procedure. A multidisciplinary approach by a neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, and plastic surgeon is mandatory.