A proposal for a standard reference artificial urine in in vitro urolithiasis experiments

Abstract

We propose that in vitro urolithiasis research that involves crystallization should include in each observation set measurements made in a standard reference artificial urine to facilitate comparison of work done in different laboratories and facilitate the rate of advance in urolithiasis research. We describe a general technique to construct artificial urine and apply it to the construction of the reference artificial urine that we propose.