Extrahepatic biliary atresia: preoperative assessment and surgical results in 47 consecutive cases

Abstract

Of 47 consecutive infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia, effective bile drainage with the return of the serum bilirubin concentration to normal, was achieved in 17 (38%). Direct bile duct-to-bowl anastomosis, attempted in 15 infants, produced bile drainage in only those 4 (9%) in whom bile could be seen within the bile duct remnants at laparotomy. 13 (45%) of 29 infants subjected to portoenterostomy (direct liver-to-bowel anastomosis) had satisfactory prolonged bile drainage with normal serum bilirubin values. Although a correct preoperative diagnosis was made in each case, in 3 (6%) the 72-hour faecal rose bengal 131I excretion was greater than 10% of the injected dose, and in 5 (11%) the hepatic histology did not indicate bile duct obstruction, showing that both investigations are necessary for preoperative diagnosis. Preoperative clinical, laboratory, and hepatic histological features in the 16 jaundice-free survivors showed no significant difference when compared with the 31 infants in whom surgery was successful. Cholangitis occurred in only 7 (43%) of 16 infants with satisfactory bile drainage and was easily controlled with antibiotic treatment. No cutaneous enterostomies were performed. In most survivors liver function tests remain abnormal, but the patients are symptom-free. While it is too early to predict a long-term prognosis for these children, our eldest survivors are healthy and show normal development.