[Analysis of a boxing match with fatal outcome resulting from unusually severe brain damage (author's transl)]

Abstract

A boxing match with fatal outcome is described. The boxer received 21 punches in the nape of his neck, as well as many other blows. After a knock out in the 15th round he conceded the fight; some minutes later he suddenly collapsed. Deep unconsciousness, maximal dilated pupils and extensor-spasms were observed but respiration continued. Although it was possible to evacuate a subdural hematoma 30 to 45 min later, a high-grade cerebral oedema remained resistant to therapy. In addition hypoxemia caused disseminated necroses of heart-muscle fibres. Intensive hemorrhages were detected in the cervical muscles and in the dorsal parts of the intervertebral discs on the level of C 2/3 and C 3/4. Neuropathological investigation revealed the typical alterations brought about by craniotomy carried out for a subdural hematoma caused by the tearing off of Vv. cerebralis superiores, as well as extensive contusion hemorrhages. The high-grade cerebral oedema caused congestion and dislocation which led to massive hemorrhages, hypoxemia to unusually extensive hemorrhagical and white necroses of cortex and brain stem ganglions. Special attention is paid to the pathogenesis of these findings. A report on boxing--particularly professional boxing--issued by the Federal Institute of Sport Medicine in Cologne in 1977 is critically analysed.