Hepatitis C viral markers in patients who received blood that was positive for hepatitis C virus core antibody, with genetic evidence of hepatitis C virus transmission

Abstract

Background: Despite the use of the anti-c100-3 assay for blood donor screening, posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis still occurred. A more sensitive assay should be developed to prevent this.

Study design and methods: Stored serum specimens from 2020 healthy blood donors who were negative for c100-3 antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were retrospectively screened for the presence of antibodies against a core protein of HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis as part of a study on posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis.

Results: Eight (0.4%) of the 2020 donors were positive for HCV core antibody. Posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis occurred in 5 of five patients known to have received blood that was positive for HCV core antibody and 1 of 141 patients transfused with blood that was negative for HCV core antibody. The total incidence of posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis was 4.1 percent (6/146). The nucleotide sequence of the nonstructural 5 region of the HCV genome obtained from two donors and corresponding recipients was also analyzed. The HCV genome sequences were identical for one donor-recipient pair, and there was 99.4-percent homology for a second pair.

Conclusion: Anti-core-positive blood proved to be highly infectious for HCV, and this validated the use of the second-generation anti-HCV assay for blood donor screening.