Monoamine-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin binds trk receptor and inhibits nerve growth factor-stimulated trk phosphorylation and signal transduction

Abstract

Monoamine-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) has been shown to inhibit beta-nerve growth factor (NGF)-promoted neurite outgrowth and the survival of embryonic sensory and forebrain neurons, whereas normal alpha 2M has little or no such activity. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition by monoamine-activated alpha 2M. Methylamine-activated alpha 2M (MA-alpha 2M) and serotonin-activated alpha 2M (5HT-alpha 2M) dose dependently inhibit NGF-promoted neurite outgrowth of the pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and its subline PC12(6-24) which overexpresses human trk protooncogene product, but have no effect on their viability, and this inhibition can be blocked by high concentrations of NGF. The binding of MA-alpha 2M to trk, which is a part of high-affinity NGF receptor, was studied with PC12(6-24) cells and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing trk (trk-3T3). In each case MA-alpha 2M readily forms stable complexes with trk in vivo, whereas normal alpha 2M does not. Both 5HT-alpha 2M and MA-alpha 2M also dose dependently block NGF-promoted autophosphorylation of trk in vivo, whereas normal alpha 2M and plasmin-reacted alpha 2M are inactive or much less active. MA-alpha 2M also blocks NGF-promoted incorporation of 32P from [32P]ATP into trk receptors in vitro. Neither MA-alpha 2M, 5HT-alpha 2M, nor normal alpha 2M, however, blocks either platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated or epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the respective receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation of two of the intracellular substrates, phospholipase C-gamma 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, in the NGF-promoted pathways is also dose dependently blocked by MA-alpha 2M. However, by comparison MA-alpha 2M is more effective in inhibiting the activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 than trk. We conclude that monoamine-activated alpha 2M may block neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival by its specific binding to NGF receptors, thus inhibiting the NGF-promoted activation of intracellular second messenger pathways.