Acid-base chemical mechanism of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylases-A and -B from pH studies

Abstract

The pH dependence of kinetic parameters using natural and alternative reactants was determined in order to obtain information on the chemical mechanisms of the A and B isozymes of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS) from Salmonella typhimurium. A general mechanism is proposed for OASS in which OAS binds with its alpha-amine unprotonated to carry out a nucleophilic attack on C4' of the protonated Schiff base and with the acetyl carbonyl hydrogen-bonded to a protonated enzyme group (or a water molecule), which aids in the beta-elimination of acetate. The enzyme lysine that was in Schiff base linkage with the active site pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deprotonates the alpha-carbon in the beta-elimination reaction, and a proton is likely released with the acetate product. Sulfide likely binds as HS- to undergo nucleophilic attack on the alpha-aminoacrylate intermediate, followed by protonation of the alpha-carbon by the enzyme lysine. In OASS-A, HS- is hydrogen-bonded to the enzyme group that assists in the beta-elimination of acetate, but this is not the case for OASS-B. The pH independent equilibrium constant for the first half-reaction of OASS-A is 1.6 x 10(-3), while the second half-reaction is practically irreversible.