Spondyloarthropathies of childhood

Abstract

The term spondyloarthropathy, currently used to describe some forms of idiopathic arthritis of childhood, may be inappropriate because most children included in this category do not have arthritis of the spine, and inflammatory disease of the sacroiliac joints is an infrequent or late finding. Juvenile AS, the archetype, or "complete" disease may account for only one fifth of the so-called "spondyloarthropathies". "Incomplete" or "early" spondyloarthropathies are most frequent. Such children may not develop axial symptoms and signs for 5 to 10 years after onset, and they may be better characterized as having enthesitis-related arthritis, a term proposed by a recent task force of the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR). Reactive arthritis, although etiologically linked with the spondyloarthropathies, uncommonly progresses to AS in childhood; most patients have peripheral arthritis with or without enthesitis resolving in the relatively short term. The arthritis associated with IBD is more commonly peripheral than axial. Although axial disease undoubtedly occurs in JPsA, in the authors' experience it is very uncommon.