Colonization of the tracheal epithelium of pigs by filamentous bacteria resembling cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

Abstract

Warthin Starry staining revealed filamentous bacteria colonizing the tracheal epithelium of 41 of 88 (46.6%) pigs submitted for necropsy at 2 midwestern veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The bacteria were interspersed between and oriented parallel to the cilia. In 4 of 4 colonized pig tracheas, filamentous bacteria were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The bacteria were approximately the same length and diameter as cilia, and in areas of heavy colonization the bacteria outnumbered cilia. The filamentous bacteria were similar in location and morphologic characteristics to cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacilli of rats, mice, rabbits, and cattle. Results of immunoperoxidase staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the pig CAR bacillus is a different bacterium than the rat CAR bacillus. Rat CAR bacillus causes chronic respiratory disease in rats and mice. The association, if any, between pig CAR bacillus and swine respiratory disease is unknown.