Clinical profile of Angelman syndrome at different ages

Abstract

We describe 47 patients with Angelman syndrome (AS) from Belgium and the Netherlands, including the anamnestic data, the clinical and the behavioral attributes at different ages. The clinical picture of AS is most distinct between the ages of 2-16 years. Most patients of this age group show at least 8 of the major characteristics (bursts of laughter, happy disposition, hyperactive behaviour, microcephaly, brachycephaly, macrostomia, tongue protrusion, mandibular prognathism, widely spaced teeth, stiff and puppetlike movements, typical stature, wide based gait) beside the mental retardation and (almost) absence of speech, which is a universal trait. The diagnosis in infants is based on only a limited number of clinical characteristics or on anamnestic data. However, if these occur in combination, they are indicative of AS. In older patients, the diagnosis may be hampered in part because of the changing behavioral characteristics and the decreasing frequency of fits. Other manifestations, such as scoliosis, may become more pronounced with age.