The protein kinase C-activated MAP kinase pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates a novel aspect of the heat shock response

Abstract

The PKC1 gene of budding yeast encodes a homolog of the alpha, beta, and gamma isoforms of mammalian PKC that is proposed to regulate a MAPK-activation pathway. Mutants in this pathway undergo cell lysis resulting from a deficiency in cell wall construction when they attempt to grow at elevated temperatures. We show that the PKC1-regulated pathway is important for induced thermotolerance and that the MPK1 protein kinase (the MAPK of this pathway) is strongly activated by mild heat shock. This activation is sustained during growth at high temperature and is dependent on the function of pathway components proposed to function upstream of MPK1, including PKC1. Expression of genes under the control of known heat shock-inducible promoter elements (HSEs and STREs) was not compromised in PKC1 pathway mutants, indicating that this pathway mediates a novel aspect of the yeast heat shock response. We propose that the heat-induced signal for pathway activation is generated in response to weakness in the cell wall created during growth under thermal stress, perhaps as a result of increased membrane fluidity. Evidence is presented that the mechanism by which the cell detects this weakness is by measuring stretch of the plasma membrane.