Introduction of an intraoral bone-lengthening device

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that distraction osteogenesis is an effective clinical tool with applications for the entire human skeleton. Therapeutic exploitation in the correction of the asymmetrical and hypoplastic mandible has been reported previously. However, the main criticism of this technique has been the residual cutaneous scars resulting from the surgical incision and the path of the expansion device. In order to obviate the need for skin incisions, we have developed and demonstrated the feasibility of a miniaturized mandibular bone lengthener that is suitable for intraoral placement. Ten growing mongrel dogs were studied. Under general anesthesia, a buccal mucosal incision was made along the oblique line, and the body and ramus of the mandible were exposed in a supraperiosteal plane. Two 2.0-mm half-pins were placed percutaneously in the area of the angle of the mandible, and two other pins were placed 3.5 cm anteriorly. The clamps of the lengthening device were then attached to the half-pins in an intraoral position. An osteotomy was made by connecting percutaneously made drill holes between the clamps in a line positioned posterior to the third molar. The mucosa was closed loosely over the device. Distraction was commenced on the eighth postoperative day. The results were assessed with pre- and post-lengthening photographs, cephalograms, and CT scans with three-dimensional reconstruction. All animals demonstrated a contralateral cross-bite. The newly developed bone also was examined histologically. The intraoral method of mandibular lengthening offers the same advantages of extraoral lengthening but without the need for a cutaneous incision and resulting scar.