The utriculo-endolymphatic valve in pediatric temporal bones

Abstract

The utriculo-endolymphatic valve (UEV) is located in the posterior wall of the utricle at its junction with the utricular duct and was first described in a human fetus by Bast in 1928. Although different theories about its normal position and function have been postulated, the function of the UEV remains unclear. In the present investigation we studied 118 temporal bones from 70 children to determine whether there were differences in the position of the valve and by inference, its function between children and adults. Premortem ages ranged from newborn to 10 years (mean age, 11.6 months). All temporal bones were fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified and processed by the celloidin technique. Specimens were sectioned in a horizontal plane at a thickness of 20 microns. Every tenth section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and studied by light microscopy. The position of the UEV was then classified as closed or open. Valves damaged by preparation or having an uncertain position were classified as artifact. The chi-square test was used to determine a correlation between the position of the valve and the status of the rest of the endolymphatic system and whether or not endolymphatic hydrops was present in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The UEV was closed in 39 temporal bones (33.1%) and open in 13 (11.0%). Artifacts were found in 66 bones (55.9%). In the group of patients with a collapsed ductus reuniens the UEV was closed in 38% of the specimens, suggesting that the UEV prevented loss of endolymph from the pars superior, but these findings were not statistically significant.