Pharmacoeconomic benefit of antibiotic step-down therapy: converting patients from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the economic benefit associated with the early conversion of therapy from intravenous ceftiaxone to the comparable oral third-generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime proxetil.

Design: Open-label, unblind, nonrandomized clinical trial.

Setting: A 360-bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Patients: Forty patients who began receiving intravenous ceftriaxone for either a community-acquired pneumonia or a complicated urinary tract infection.

Intervention: twenty patients were selected, based on clinical assessment, to be converted from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil. Twenty other comparable patients who would have been appropriate for step-down therapy, did not receive pharmacy intervention and were used as a control group.

Measurements: Both groups were assessed and compared for length of ceftiaxone therapy, length of oral follow-up therapy (if any), length of hospitalization, results of culture and sensitivity testing, treatment success and readmissions, and cost of respective therapeutic regimens.

Results: In the cefpodoxime study group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 9.1 days at a total cost of $3040.26 for the 20 patients. In the control group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 11.9 days at a total cost of $3961.26. A savings of $46.05 per patient was achieved. Patients receiving step-down therapy averaged 1 fewer day of hospitalization.

Conclusion: Pharmacist intervention and cefpodoxime step-down therapy were associated with decreased overall antibiotic costs in our intravenous-to-oral program.