Conservative treatment in acute pancreatitis

Abstract

In the absence of causative therapy of acute pancreatitis the management of the disease focus on treatment and prevention of complications and symptoms. In mild acute pancreatitis intravenous fluid administration, analgetics and avoidance of oral fluid or food intake is sufficient in most cases. The treatment of severe pancreatitis involves identification of pancreatic and peripancreatic necroses, best demonstrated and evaluated by contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT). Infection of such necroses is the most common cause of death from acute pancreatitis. Recent data suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis is worthwhile and it should therefore always be instituted in the severe form of the disease. Careful monitoring of vital functions is mandatory and early treatment with assisted ventilation and renal dialysis is advised. Adequate volume replacement and nutritional support is important. The role of the gut in the development of infected necroses is becoming increasingly obvious. Also, the absence of food in the intestine may increase the intestinal barrier damage. Therefore, enteral nutrition is discussed as a logical step in pancreatitis treatment. However, the food should be delivered below the ligament of Treitz (below the area of the cholecystokinin (CCK) cells) as CCK stimulation probably worsen the course of the disease.