[Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast-fed and formula fed healthy infants]

Abstract

While human milk contains considerable amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP), most formulae contain only the precursors of LCP synthesis (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) but are devoid of preformed dietary LCP such as are arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. LCP contents in plasma phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG) and sterol esters (STE) were measured by high resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography in healthy, term infants fed human milk of formula. Percentage contributions of the precursor fatty acids were similar or higher in plasma lipids in formula fed than in breast-fed infants, meanwhile values of the intermediary metabolites of LCP synthesis did not differ between the two groups. Percentage contributions of arachidonic acid were higher in breast-fed than in formula fed infants at the ages of 2 weeks (PL: 9.39 +/- 1.00 vs. 6.91 +/- 0.38, TG: 0.61 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.05, %weight/weight, mean +/- SEM), 1 month (PL: 9.06 +/- 1.04 vs. 6.16 +/- 0.35, TG: 0.62 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.04, STE: 4.50 +/- 0.45 vs. 2.84 +/- 0.39) and 2 months (PL: 8.41 +/- 1.19 vs. 5.74 +/- 0.37). Similarly, docosahexaenoic acid values were at the ages of 1 month (PL: 1.94 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.21, TG: 0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.02) and 2 months (PL: 2.02 +/- 0.36 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.07) significantly higher in breast-fed infants than in those receiving formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)