Relative rates of fracture of the hip in the United States. Geographic, sex, and age variations

Abstract

We studied the Medicare data from 1984 through 1987 for 687,850 fractures of the hip that had occurred in the United States. Our purpose was to determine the geographic, sex-specific, and age-interval variations in the relative risk of fracture of the hip in elderly white individuals. The rates of cervical, trochanteric, and subtrochanteric fracture, and the over-all rate of fracture at any of the three levels, increased with age, were greater for women than for men, and were higher in the Southern part of the country. However, there were regional, sex, and age variations. The ratio of cervical to trochanteric fractures was significantly higher in the East South Central region and lower in the Middle Atlantic and New England regions (p < 0.05). These were the same areas with the highest and lowest over-all rates, respectively, of fracture of the hip. The ratio of cervical to trochanteric fractures decreased from 1.52 in women who were sixty-five to sixty-nine years old to 0.81 in women who were at least eighty-five years old, but it stayed at approximately 1.00 for the corresponding age-groups of men. The ratio of fracture of the hip in women to fracture of the hip in men varied depending on the level of the fracture.