Environmental health aspects of fungicides. I. Dithiocarbamtes

Abstract

A variety of dithiocarbamate fungicides, as well as their principal trace impurities, and metabolic or chemical degradation products are reviewed. Major focus is on their chemical and toxicological features (primarily carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic), use patterns, and residues. The compounds discussed include (1) ethylene bis(dithiocarbamated) (maneb, zineb, nabam), (2) dithiocarbamates (febram, ziram), and ("3) thiuram disulfate (thiram) and ethylene thiourea.