Changes in health-related quality of life and depression in heart transplant recipients

Abstract

Background: The intent of this study was to measure health-related quality of life and depression in 94 heart transplant recipients.

Methods: Changes in health-related quality of life and depression were examined by administering the Sickness Impact Profile and the Beck Depression Inventory before heart transplantation, as well as 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after surgery.

Results: Sickness Impact Profile scores obtained before heart transplantation highlighted the greatest health-related quality of life dysfunction in work, sleep and rest, home management, and recreation and pastimes. Posttransplantation measures suggested improvement (p < 0.05) in emotional behavior, home management, mobility, ambulation, depression, eating behavior, social interaction, body care and movement, sleep and rest, recreation and pastimes, depression, and physical, overall, and psychosocial functioning. Continued improvement was noted up to 5 years after transplantation although patients continued to have marked work-related dysfunction. Age, medication regimen, rejection episodes, and a variety of preoperative medical variables were not related to health-related quality of life. Actuarial survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 89%, 87%, 80%, 79%, and 79%, respectively.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that as early as 4 months after heart transplantation, patients show excellent functioning in most health-related quality of life areas. Survival rates are encouraging. Patients did not generally experience problems with depression within the first 4 months after heart transplantation. Notable problems remain after transplantation in rate of return to work where only 53% returned to work by 5 years after heart transplantation.