A transactivator of c-myc is coordinately regulated with the proto-oncogene during cellular growth

Abstract

A recently cloned nuclear protein, which binds a far upstream element (FUSE) of the human c-myc proto-oncogene, stimulates promoter driven expression in undifferentiated cells. In concert with a loss of c-myc expression, both FUSE binding protein (FBP) mRNA and protein levels disappeared in HL60 cells after PMA-induced differentiation, due to a drop in the rate of transcription that was measured by nuclear runoff. During the differentiation of these cells, the brief half-lives of FBP mRNA (3 h) and protein (1.5 h) did not change, allowing for the rapid down-regulation of nuclear protein levels, as detected by immunohistochemical staining. Like c-myc, FBP is expressed in proliferating cells from a variety of lineages, but not in quiescent cells. When T cells and fibroblasts were stimulated to transit from G0 into the cell cycle, there was a dramatic rise of both FBP mRNA and DNA sequence specific nuclear FBP binding activity, which correlated with the appearance of c-myc mRNA. In contrast to the transient expression of many other immediate early growth response genes, both FBP and c-myc expression were sustained for more than 24 h. In fibroblasts, the coordinate expression of FBP and c-myc throughout all phases of the cell cycle is consistent with FBP's role as a growth-dependent regulator of c-myc expression.