Preoperative administration of antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and their impact on peritoneal adhesion formation

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of preoperative intravenous administration of antibodies against TNF-alpha and IL-1 on peritoneal adhesion formation. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 gm) were used in this study. Eight rats were used to empirically determine the amount of anti TNF-alpha and anti IL-1 needed for complete in vivo neutralization. This amount was used for preoperative treatment of selected groups. Forty-eight rats were divided into four equal groups (n = 12). All rats underwent a midline laparotomy. Ten cm square of cecal serosa was abraded, the peritoneal cavity was irrigated with normal saline, and the incision was closed in layers. Cultures were obtained intraoperatively and rats with positive cultures were excluded. Rats in Group 1 were not treated (control), while rats in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with anti TNF-alpha, anti IL-1, and a combination of anti TNF-alpha and IL-1 respectively. All rats were killed at 3 weeks, and peritoneal adhesions were graded using a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (extensive, dense). Rats treated with anti IL-1 (Group 3) and those treated with a combination of anti TNF-alpha and anti IL-1 (Group 4) had significantly fewer adhesions when compared with Group 1 (control) (P < 0.01 and < 0.005, respectively). Least adhesion formation was associated with Group 4 rats. In conclusion, selective immunosuppression, at a molecular level, appears to have a significant impact on rates of postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation.