High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in non-ABO transfusion incompatibility

Abstract

The administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in immune and autoimmune diseases led us to use this agent to ameliorate or prevent the consequences of non-ABO incompatible transfusions in patients who need this form of therapy. IVIG (400 mg/kg/day) was infused within 24 h of transfusion in 5 patients with: (1) intestinal angiodysplasia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and anti-Kpb; (2) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, anti-c, anti E, anti Fyb, anti-K and autoantibodies; (3) lymphoma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA); (4) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), AIHA, and anti-D, and (5) SLE and AHIA. A sustained increase in hematocrit was noted and no transfusion reaction developed in any of the cases. A single dose of pretransfusion IVIG may therefore be a useful therapeutic alternative in patients for whom no compatible blood is available. Patients with severe anemia, allo- and autoantibodies, either showing hemolysis in their pathophysiology or not, cause a serious problem in any transfusion center, especially when dealing with emergencies. In order to reduce the risks of incompatible transfusions, different modalities have previously been attempted, all with poor results. In 1989 we reported the successful use of pretransfusional high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and anti-Kpb. The transfusion of incompatible red blood cells improved the anemia and allowed the exploratory laparotomy to take place. A protocol was then developed based on this case administering pretransfusion IVIG in high doses for patients for whom no compatible blood (non-ABO) is available.