Choice of antidepressants: questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and general practitioners in two areas of Sweden

Abstract

Objective: To identify factors that affect physicians' choice of specific antidepressant drugs in order to evaluate the validity of epidemiological studies of the risks (particularly suicide) and benefits of different compounds.

Design: Questionnaire survey of 264 psychiatrists and general practitioners in an urban area and a rural area of Sweden with validation of data by independent prescription surveys.

Setting: Urban area of greater Stockholm and rural county of Jämtland, Sweden.

Subjects: 228 physicians (86%) who answered the questionnaire.

Main outcome measures: The drugs used as first line drugs of choice, as drugs of choice in particularly severe depression, and as drugs of choice for disorders other than depression.

Results: Amitriptyline was the most common first line drug of choice among both psychiatrists and general practitioners. The patterns of choice of antidepressants in the two areas accorded with prescribing patterns in two independent prescription surveys. Amitriptyline was chosen even more frequently for severe depression and depression with severe insomnia. Clomipramine was chosen comparatively more often for depression with severe anxiety. Low toxicity compounds (mainly lofepramine, mianserin, and moclobemide) were more often the drug of choice in depression associated with overt risk of suicide. Amitriptyline and clomipramine were used extensively for disorders other than depression (40% and 54% of prescriptions, compared with 13-19% for some other major antidepressants).

Conclusion: Patient groups treated with different antidepressant compounds may not be comparable with respect to diagnoses and severity of disease. In particular, lofepramine, mianserin, and moclobemide, and possibly amitriptyline, seem to be chosen more often for patients prone to suicide.