Effect of bioactive glass templates on osteoblast proliferation and in vitro synthesis of bone-like tissue

Abstract

Using in vitro synthesized bone tissue with cells aspirated from the patient's marrow is an appealing idea to avoid the profound limitations of biological and synthetic grafts. Procedures to synthesize bone tissue in vitro primarily relied on seeding various substrates with cells that have osteogenic capacity in culture. It should be noted that in an in vitro system, osteoprogenitor cells, as well as bone cells themselves can rapidly change their phenotype, hence the substrate needs to promote the expression of the bone cell phenotype. Furthermore, it needs to provide a template for bone deposition while gradually resorbing once bone tissue has been laid down. This paper presents initial evidence that bioactive glass, a synthetic material with documented extensive bone bioactivity properties, represents a material that optimally combines the requirements of the ideal template for in vitro synthesis of bone tissue. When made in porous form, and conditioned to develop a bone-like surface prior to being seeded with pluripotential cells capable of expressing the osteoblastic phenotype, these templates lead to expeditious and abundant in vitro synthesis of extracellular matrix with most important characteristics of bone tissue.