A missense mutation in exon 6 of the CYP2D6 gene leading to a histidine 324 to proline exchange is associated with the poor metabolizer phenotype of sparteine

Abstract

The sparteine/debrisoquine polymorphism is a clinically important genetic deficiency of cytochrome P4502D6-catalyzed oxidative drug metabolism. 5-10% of Caucasians designated as poor metabolizers have a severely impaired capacity to metabolize more than 30 therapeutically used drugs. Genotyping of a random Caucasian population for the known cytochrome P4502D6 mutations A, B and D which are associated with the poor metabolizer phenotype has revealed a substantial number of misclassified poor metabolizers indicating the existence of one or more unknown mutations which cannot be identified with the currently available genotyping assays. Therefore we have cloned and sequenced one nonfunctional cytochrome P4502D6 allele of a misclassified poor metabolizer and could identify a single missense mutation designated E mutation at position 3023(A-C) in exon 6. Direct sequencing analysis, FokI restriction analysis and a newly developed allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay were applied to analyze for this mutation in a population study. Three out of 97 randomly selected Caucasians were carriers of this mutation and thus the E allele has a frequency of 1.5% (confidence interval95% = 0.33 - 4.54%). Since only 2 out of 4 misclassified poor metabolizers carried the E mutation, additional unknown mutant alleles must exist. Computer modelling suggests that the E mutation, which results in a histidine to proline exchange in position 324 of the protein, may cause an alteration of the 3D structure of CYP2D6 in close vicinity to the active site thereby leading to total loss of enzyme function.