Bladder cancer mortality in the United States, 1951-1989: increased environmental carcinogenesis in men

Abstract

Bladder cancer has been frequently associated with occupational chemical carcinogens. Increased occupational exposures may, in part, account for the increased risk of bladder cancer consistently observed in men. Age-specific bladder cancer mortality rates in the United States from 1951 to 1988 were analyzed using the Strehler-Mildvan modification of the Gompertz relationship between aging and mortality. This method of analysis, which distinguishes aggregate environmental and genetic influences upon mortality, also suggests that environmental influences upon bladder cancer mortality are significantly greater in U.S. men.