Spontaneous abortion: a medical approach to management

Abstract

The conventional management of spontaneous abortion is surgical evacuation of the uterus to prevent complications which may arise from retained products of conception (POC). This procedure is not without complications and also demands operating theatre resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a medical approach to the management of spontaneous abortion using the prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost. From an initial 212 women presenting with spontaneous abortion, 4 groups were defined according to what they required in the way of initial management. A group of 20 women were excluded from conservative medical management at presentation because they were bleeding heavily and judged to be unsuitable. Sixty women initially required no further management other than determining that they had a complete abortion using transvaginal sonography (TVS). The 132 women were treated with the prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost. Sixty were judged to need no further management afterwards and were initially discharged. The remaining 72 women underwent evacuation of retained products of conception (ERPC) after the gemeprost treatment as medical evacuation of the uterus appeared to had been incomplete. In each of these 4 groups so defined, there was 1 case where an ERPC was required after the patients have been discharged because of complications attributable to retained POC. We therefore found that no ERPC was necessary in the management of 118 out of 212 (55.6%) women who presented with spontaneous abortion. This has important implications in patient management and economical use of hospital resources.