Does saline "correct" the abnormal mass balance in metabolic alkalosis associated with chloride depletion in the rat?

Abstract

An elevated plasma pH and bicarbonate are the clinical hallmarks of metabolic alkalosis. Nevertheless, to fully define its pathophysiology, one needs a quantitative interpretation of events in 3 areas - the ECF, ICF, and urine. Accordingly, our purpose was to study mass balance in Cl--depletion metabolic alkalosis with normal initial balance for Na+ and K+. In the 20 h following the "exchange" of Cl- (loss, 2455 mumol) and HCO(3-) (gain, 2455 mumol), only 334 mumol HCO(3-) remained in the ECF and 337 mumol were excreted. The remaining 1784 mumol disappeared primarily via titration because 3051 mueq of endogenous anions were produced and excreted largely with K+. Accordingly, metabolic alkalosis was associated with a deficit rather than a surplus of HCO(3-). To reflect the shift of H+ into cells driven by the exit of K+, the cumulative deficit of Cl- was replaced as KCl or NaCl. The fall in plasma [HCO(3-)] was larger in the KCl group (13.2 vs. 9.4 mmol/L); it was largely due to H+ exit from cells; in contrast, disappearance of HCO(3-) from the ECF was due to new endogenous acid production in the NaCl group. Thus, there was an overall deficit of HCO(3-) in metabolic alkalosis associated with KCl depletion (extracellular alkalosis and intracellular acidosis); processes in the ICF were not corrected by NaCl.