Plasma renin activity in chagasic patients with and without congestive heart failure

Abstract

Chagasic patients with advanced heart disease have fluid retention-dependent symptoms. Since fluid retention is mostly dependent on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, chagasic patients with congestion related symptoms should have activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the plasma renin activity baseline values of chagasic patients with and without congestive heart failure. Twenty-eight patients with positive serology for Chagas' disease were studied. Nineteen patients were asymptomatic (functional class I New York Heart Association) and nine were symptomatic (functional classes II-IV). Cardiac catheterization and ventricular cineangiography were performed on 20 patients. The symptomatic patients had significantly higher plasma renin activity levels (4.11 +/- 1.03 ng/ml/h) than the asymptomatic patients (1.08 +/- 0.11 ng/ml/h, P < 0.001) and the normal sedentary controls (1.65 +/- 0.22 ng/ml/h, P < 0.05, mean +/- S.E.). The plasma renin activity baseline values of the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients correlated directly with the baseline heart rate (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). The symptomatic patients had larger ventricular volumes, moderately depressed ejection fractions and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. The plasma renin activity baseline values also correlated directly with the left ventricular diastolic pressures (r = 0.70, P < 0.0006) and with the left ventricular diastolic (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and systolic volumes (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). These results indicate that chagasic patients with fluid retention-dependent symptoms and hemodynamic evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction have activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.