Quantitative magnetic resonance for assessment of radiation fibrosis after post-mastectomy radiotherapy

Abstract

Subcutaneous fibrosis is a serious complication of post-mastectomy radiotherapy with a pronounced influence on skin conditions, shoulder movement and arm oedema. To establish safer radiotherapy schedules, precise evaluation of the tissue damage is required. A feasibility study was performed to assess the value of calculated relaxation times from magnetic resonance (MR) images for quantitative characterization of different degrees of subcutaneous fibrosis after post-mastectomy radiotherapy. A surface coil was applied to the irradiated area, as well as to unirradiated skin, to obtain appropriate MR coronal slices for acquisition of calculated values using a mixed imaging sequence technique. 14 patients with clinically diagnosed subcutaneous fibrosis were examined, 10 of whom had severe fibrosis. The mean T2 values of the treated and untreated side were 53.0 and 56.7, respectively. A statistically significant decrease of the calculated T2 values on the treated side was observed. No correlation was found between the clinically assessed fibrosis and the calculated relaxation times. The findings indicate that despite a general decrease of T2 calculated values, the large variation in the relaxation times restricts the value of MR, as applied in this study, in differentiating between different degrees of fibrosis in normal tissues after radiotherapy.