Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral cavity in a non-AIDS patient: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Background: Not every patient with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The "classic" form of KS is rare, and is associated with an indolent course. It is very distinct from AIDS-associated KS in which oral involvement is common and may be the initial presenting feature of this disease. Two other types of KS are recognized, the African and renal transplant-associated, which also are rarely associated with oral involvement.

Methods: We present the case of a 76-year-old man of Mediterranean ancestry who was found to have a biopsy-proven classical KS lesion of the hard palate. The patient was followed by the Radiation Therapy and Otolaryngology Services during and after his treatment. A review of the literature was also conducted.

Results: Radiotherapy was ineffective at a dose considered "standard" for KS in AIDS patients (1,500 cGy), but was effective when continued to 4,800 cGy. A 24-month follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence in the oral cavity.

Conclusions: KS of the oral cavity, is almost always associated with AIDS in the United States, However, it can occur in any of the four types of KS. Although this neoplasm is typically highly radiosensitive, the treatment for each patient needs to be individualized.