Differential regulation of fyn-associated protein tyrosine kinase activity by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

Abstract

The proliferation and differentiation of macrophages are regulated by, among others, GM-CSF and M-CSF. Treatment of bone marrow nonadherent (NA) cells with M-CSF induced a greater percentage of NA cells into adherent cells, recognized as monocyte/macrophages, than did GM-CSF. The effect of GM-CSF and M-CSF on the activation of fyn kinase, a 59-kDa src family-related protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), was studied. Control cultures of bone marrow NA cells expressed only minimal levels of fyn kinase activity. Treatment of bone marrow NA cells with M-CSF, but not GM-CSF, for 12 to 24 h greatly enhanced the levels of fyn kinase activity. The effect of M-CSF on the activation of fyn kinase was further investigated using bipotential adherent bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) that coexpress receptors for both GM-CSF and M-CSF. BMDMs can be induced by either growth factor to undergo extensive proliferation in vitro. Compared to bone marrow NA cells, BMDMs displayed higher levels of basal fyn kinase activity, which were similarly elevated by M-CSF but not GM-CSF treatment. The role of fyn kinase in regulating cell adhesion was investigated by growing BMDMs in both tissue culture and Teflon flasks. The growth of BMDMs was anchorage independent; the majority of them continued to proliferate as cell suspension in Teflon flasks. Whereas the levels of fyn kinase activity in adherent BMDMs grown in tissue culture flasks increased steadily, those in BMDMs grown in Teflon flasks diminished. To study the role of fyn kinase in growth regulation, BMDMs were treated with c-fyn sense and antisense s-oligos. In the presence of c-fyn antisense s-oligos, the proliferative response of BMDMs to M-CSF but not GM-CSF was inhibited. In contrast, the proliferation of BMDM in response to either GM-CSF or M-CSF was not influenced by c-fyn sense s-oligos. Collectively, our data suggest that the activation of fyn kinase is closely associated with the acquisition of adherent capacity in maturing macrophages.