Comparison of the sensitivities of primary isolates of HIV type 2 and HIV type 1 to antiviral drugs and drug combinations

Abstract

The sensitivity of primary isolates of HIV-2 to the antiretroviral drugs 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), and 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) was measured in vitro in PBMCs and compared to that of primary isolates of HIV-1. HIV-2 isolates showed a similar sensitivity to the drugs compared to HIV-1 isolates. Both the relative and the absolute potencies of the three drugs were similar for inhibition of HIV-1 or HIV-2 replication. The effect of combinations of the antiviral drugs was also studied. The combinations of AZT plus FLT, AZT plus ddI, and FLT plus ddI showed synergistic inhibition of three primary HIV-2 isolates, similar to that previously shown for primary HIV-1 isolates. These results indicate that primary isolates of HIV-2 from untreated persons show a level of sensitivity to antiviral nucleoside analogs similar to that shown by HIV-1 isolates, and are also synergistically inhibited by drug combinations shown to be synergistic against HIV-1. Therapeutic regimes with nucleoside analogs used clinically against HIV-1 infection may therefore also be similarly useful against infection with HIV-2.