Glibenclamide vs gliclazide in type 2 diabetes of the elderly

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two sulphonylureas on the frequency of hypoglycaemic events and glycaemic control in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes. Twenty-two untreated elderly patients were treated with glibenclamide or gliclazide in a randomized double-blind fashion. Prior to treatment, a biochemical profile, an oral glucose tolerance test, and a 2-h hyperglycaemic glucose clamp (glucose 5.4 mmol l-zs-1 above baseline) were performed. Patients were seen regularly over 6 months to assess glycaemic control and the frequency of hypoglycaemic reactions. Hyperglycaemic clamp studies and oral glucose tolerance tests were repeated at 1 and 6 months. The area under the curve for the oral glucose tolerance test (glibenclamide: 15.5 +/- 0.7; gliclazide: 14.9 +/- 0.8 mmol l-1 (p = NS)) and the haemoglobin A1C (glibenclamide: 7.4 +/- 0.2%; gliclazide: 7.9 +/- 0.5% (p = NS)) were similar at 6 months. Hypoglycaemic reactions were significantly more frequent with glibenclamide than with gliclazide: 17 vs 4 (p < 0.01). Insulin sensitivity index (ml kg-1 min-1 pmol-1 x 100) was increased significantly by glibenclamide but not gliclazide (glibenclamide: 0.284 +/- 0.116 (baseline) vs 0.518 +/- 0.102 (6 months) (p < 0.05), gliclazide: 0.260 +/- 0.048 (baseline) vs 0.358 +/- 0.048 (6 months) (p = NS)). We conclude that glycaemic control was equivalent with the two drugs but the incidence of hypoglycaemic reactions was significantly greater with glibenclamide probably because this drug increases insulin sensitivity to a greater degree.