[Current approaches in the medical treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma]

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is most frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. In recent years there has been intense interest in the chemotherapy of this disease. About cisplatin, the most active agent in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, some questions are only partially answered, as the optimal dose, the duration of treatment, the role of ciplatin-based two-, three-, or four-drug regimens, the role of intraperitoneal therapy, the use of old and new drugs in cisplatin-resistant patients. Carboplatin is currently the most important cisplatin analogue with a toxicity pattern very different from that of the parent compound, but, up to date, the combination of these two drugs does not seem to be any better than standard chemotherapy. Among new drugs, three deserve particular attention: taxol, a natural produce from the bark of the Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia, taxotere, a taxoid obtained by semisynthesis from the needles of the European yew Taxus baccata and gemcitabine, a cytostatic agent with a close resemblance to cytosine-arabinoside. Anyway, new approaches must continue to be sought too: among these, probably gene therapy may offer the best mechanism to overcome both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance.