Serum IgE levels in liver cirrhosis. Contrasting results in alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients

Abstract

Hypergammaglobulinemia is a well-known feature of liver cirrhosis, but studies on serum IgE in this setting are limited. The present study evaluates serum IgE concentration in a group of cirrhotic patients and examines their relationship with aetiological, clinical and analytical parameters (including liver function tests and hepatic phagocytic activity). The presence of specific IgE against common dietary antigens was also investigated. Total serum IgE was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 52 cirrhotics (27 alcoholic and 25 non-alcoholic, including eight virus B and seven virus C-related cirrhosis, three primary biliary cirrhosis, three cryptogenic, three haemochromatosis and one Wilson's disease) and 34 healthy subjects (used as controls). Serum IgE (IU/ml) in controls was not significantly different from that of cirrhotic patients (median 42, range 2-726 vs median 86, range 2- > 1000, respectively) (P = NS). However, serum IgE among alcoholics (median 199, range 19- > 1000) was higher than that of controls (P < 0.001), virus B-related cirrhotics (median 25, range 3- > 1000) (P < 0.05), virus C-related cirrhotics (median 47, range 2-170) (P < 0.05), or non-alcoholic cirrhotics as a whole (median 23, range 2- > 1000) (P < 0.01). High IgE levels (> or = 170 IU/ml) were detected in 55.5% of alcoholics compared with only 12% of non-alcoholic cirrhotics (P < 0.01). Moreover, IgE levels were very high (> 1000 IU/ml) in six patients of the alcoholic group (22.2%) compared with only one non-alcoholic patient (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)