Pancreatic fibrosis in patients with chronic alcohol abuse: correlation with alcoholic pancreatitis

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the incidence and histological features of pancreatic fibrosis, including chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, in patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse.

Methods: Forty-six autopsy cases of alcoholic dependence syndrome, 53 cases of chronic alcoholism, and 30 cases of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis were studied histopathologically.

Results: Fibrosis was seen in 33 of 46 cases of alcoholic dependence syndrome, 20 of 53 cases of chronic alcoholism, and all 30 cases of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Fibrosis was categorized into three types: intralobular, perilobular, and mixed intralobular and perilobular sclerosis. In chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, fibrosis was found mainly in perilobular, or interlobular, areas, and in some advanced cases extended into intralobular areas, so that the pancreatic tissue was completely replaced by fibrosis. Hence, interlobular fibrosis was found in all cases of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. In contrast, in cases that had predominantly intralobular fibrosis, which were usually cases of alcoholic dependence syndrome, the pancreatic tissue had not completely disappeared, even at an advanced stage, and some parenchymal regeneration similar to that seen in hemochromatosis was observed.

Conclusion: Interlobular and intralobular pancreatic fibrosis associated with alcohol abuse appears in distinct pathological patterns with differing mechanisms.