The electrostatic basis for the interfacial binding of secretory phospholipases A2

Abstract

Biochemical and structural data suggest that electrostatic forces play a critical role in the binding of secretory phospholipases A2 to substrate aggregates (micelles, vesicles, monolayers, and membranes). This initial binding (adsorption) of the enzyme to the interface is kinetically distinct from the subsequent binding of substrate to the buried active site. Thus, in the absence of specific active-site interactions, electrostatic forces operating at the molecular surface may orient and hold the enzyme at the interface. We have calculated the electrostatic potentials for 10 species of secretory phospholipases A2 whose atomic coordinates have been determined by x-ray crystallography. Most of these enzymes show a marked electrostatic sidedness that is accentuated to a variable degree by the presence of the essential cofactor calcium ion. This asymmetry suggests a discrete interfacial binding region on the protein's surface, the location of which is in general agreement with proposals derived from the results of chemical modification, mutational, and crystallographic experiments.