Postoperative radiotherapy improves survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx

Abstract

Background: Postoperative radiation is considered to be "standard of care" therapy for advanced, resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. This approach has been supported by retrospective data but has not been validated in randomized clinical trials.

Patients and methods: The present analysis examined the clinical course of 110 patients with squamous cell cancer of the hypopharynx treated with surgery alone (n = 65) and postoperative radiotherapy alone (n = 45) between 1966 and 1990. Staging of patients was performed using the 1988 American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria. Cox regression analyses identified clinical and pathologic factors that were significant for disease-free and overall survival. Crude and adjusted cancer-specific survival rates were calculated.

Results: The postoperative radiotherapy group presented with more advanced disease than the surgery alone group (stage III and IV combined, 96% versus 77%, P = 0.015). Crude 5-year cancer-specific survival probabilities were 43% for the postoperative therapy group and 27% for the surgery alone group (P = NS). Adjusted 5-year survival rates, correcting for differences in significant prognostic variables between groups, were 18% and 48%, respectively, for the surgery and postoperative radiotherapy groups (P = 0.029).

Conclusions: The addition of postoperative radiotherapy was associated with improved disease-free and adjusted overall cancer-specific survival in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cancer. The potential survival benefit of postoperative radiotherapy should be addressed in a randomized clinical trial.