Serious paracetamol poisoning and the results of liver transplantation

Abstract

Paracetamol poisoning is the most common cause of fulminant liver failure in the United Kingdom. An accurate assessment of prognosis at the time of referral will allow the appropriate application of liver transplantation in this setting. The outcome of 92 patients consecutively admitted to a specialist liver unit with severe poisoning has been examined. In patients who did not have a transplant, a fatal outcome was seen for 26/82 (32%), and was associated with late presentation, coma grade, prothrombin time prolongation, metabolic acidosis, and renal dysfunction. Cerebral oedema, and sepsis were responsible for most deaths. Prognostic criteria defined at King's College Hospital seemed to predict the outcome of patients who did not have a transplant managed on the Birmingham liver unit. Seventeen patients were listed for transplantation, 10 had liver transplantation, and seven of 10 survived. Seven were listed but not transplanted, and one of seven survived. Psychological rehabilitation of patients who had a transplant has not proved difficult. These results suggest a role for liver transplantation in the management of selected patients with paracetamol poisoning.