Long-term stability after orthodontic treatment: nonextraction with prolonged retention

Abstract

A sample of 22 previously treated orthodontic cases was studied to evaluate long-term stability. All cases were treated nonextraction with fixed edgewise appliances and were without retainers a minimum of 5 years. Data were obtained from study models, although 14 of the 22 cases had longitudinal cephalometric radiographs. The average retention time with a mandibular fixed lingual retainer was 8.4 years. The irregularity index pretreatment was 8.0 mm in the maxillary arch and 5.2 mm in the mandibular arch; at the end of treatment it was 0.9 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, and at the postretention stage it was 2.0 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively. Resolution of the lower irregularity index was accomplished without incisor advancement or distal movement of the mandibular molar, however, both arches were expanded transversely. During the posttreatment stage all variables showed relapse except for the expanded maxillary canines and premolars. However, the mandibular anterior segment demonstrated relatively good alignment at the long-term stage, which may be a reflection of prolonged mandibular retention.