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. 1994 Jun;66(6):2159-65.
doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)81011-2.

Mapping interaction forces with the atomic force microscope

M Radmacher  1 , J P Cleveland, M Fritz, H G Hansma, P K Hansma
Affiliations

Mapping interaction forces with the atomic force microscope

M Radmacher et al. Biophys J. 1994 Jun.

Abstract

Force curves were recorded as the sample was raster-scanned under the tip. This opens new opportunities for imaging with the atomic force microscope: several characteristics of the samples can be measured simultaneously, for example, topography, adhesion forces, elasticity, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. The new opportunities are illustrated by images of several characteristics of thin metal films, aggregates of lysozyme, and single molecules of DNA.

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