Proximity and anticipation of a negative outcome in phobias

Abstract

Thirty-five patients being treated for one of three anxiety disorders were asked to rate the likelihood of a negative outcome prior to entering a feared situation, while in the situation and after leaving the situation. Ratings made in anticipation were consistently higher than ratings made either in the situation or after leaving it. In contrast, normal Ss, about to undertake tourist rides perceived as being mildly dangerous, rated the likelihood of negative outcome as highest when actually in the situation.